摘要 :
Very small entities, organizations with up to 25 people, are very important to the worldwide economy. However it has been established that such companies often do not utilize existing best practice standards and frameworks. To add...
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Very small entities, organizations with up to 25 people, are very important to the worldwide economy. However it has been established that such companies often do not utilize existing best practice standards and frameworks. To address the needs of Very Small Entities (VSEs), a set of international standards and guides known as ISO/IEC 29110 has been developed. In this paper we present the results of early trials of this standard in an IT start-up and in an engineering enterprise and assess the lessons learnt for future research and industrial usage of this standard.
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摘要 :
Very small entities, organizations with up to 25 people, are very important to the worldwide economy. However it has been established that such companies often do not utilize existing best practice standards and frameworks. To add...
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Very small entities, organizations with up to 25 people, are very important to the worldwide economy. However it has been established that such companies often do not utilize existing best practice standards and frameworks. To address the needs of Very Small Entities (VSEs), a set of international standards and guides known as ISO/IEC 29110 has been developed. In this paper we present the results of early trials of this standard in an IT start-up and in an engineering enterprise and assess the lessons learnt for future research and industrial usage of this standard.
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摘要 :
As systems of systems engineering (SoSE) matures, there is a growing interest in SoSE standardization. This has led the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC71 to establish a study group to investigate future opportunities for SoSE standardization. Thi...
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As systems of systems engineering (SoSE) matures, there is a growing interest in SoSE standardization. This has led the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC71 to establish a study group to investigate future opportunities for SoSE standardization. This paper reviews the approach taken by the study group, the issues that were investigated and the recommendations from the study that will culminate in April 2016. The study addresses the current perspectives on SoSE, the state of the practice, the existing level of standardization for SoSE, and the analysis and findings of the potential need for additional SoSE standardization. In looking at the current and potential future state of SoSE standardization, the study examined the adequacy, existing support to, and gaps in current standards that support the needs of SoSE and the SoSE standardization solutions.
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摘要 :
As systems of systems engineering (SoSE) matures, there is a growing interest in SoSE standardization. This has led the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC71 to establish a study group to investigate future opportunities for SoSE standardization. Thi...
展开
As systems of systems engineering (SoSE) matures, there is a growing interest in SoSE standardization. This has led the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC71 to establish a study group to investigate future opportunities for SoSE standardization. This paper reviews the approach taken by the study group, the issues that were investigated and the recommendations from the study that will culminate in April 2016. The study addresses the current perspectives on SoSE, the state of the practice, the existing level of standardization for SoSE, and the analysis and findings of the potential need for additional SoSE standardization. In looking at the current and potential future state of SoSE standardization, the study examined the adequacy, existing support to, and gaps in current standards that support the needs of SoSE and the SoSE standardization solutions.
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摘要 :
Free radicals caused oxidative stress in the body, which leads to various chronic and degenerative diseases. The negative effects of free radicals can be neutralized by natural antioxidants. Soybean (Glycine max L.) extract contai...
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Free radicals caused oxidative stress in the body, which leads to various chronic and degenerative diseases. The negative effects of free radicals can be neutralized by natural antioxidants. Soybean (Glycine max L.) extract contains isoflavones that have several biological activities, including antioxidants. Soybean extract (SE) antioxidant activity was evaluated compared with isoflavones (ISO). The SE was extracted in aquademineral solvent and additional lactose. SE and ISO were subject to various antioxidant activity assay such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonicacid (ABTS), H
2
O
2
, NO scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, following standard procedure. As a results, the IC
50
of DPPH, ABTS, H
2
O
2
, NO, of SE were 246.51; 35.96; 289.41; 39.74 μg/mL respectively. While the IC
50
value of isoflavones were 71.37; 23.57; 259.50; 11.59 μg/mL respectively. Furthermore, at the higher concentration (50 μg/mL) of SE and ISO’s FRAP activity were 196.89 and 177.78 μM Fe(II)/μg. Even though the antioxidant activity of SE is lower than isoflavones, SE still has antioxidant potential. Thus, it can be used for supplement candidate.
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摘要 :
Free radicals caused oxidative stress in the body, which leads to various chronic and degenerative diseases. The negative effects of free radicals can be neutralized by natural antioxidants. Soybean (Glycine max L.) extract contai...
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Free radicals caused oxidative stress in the body, which leads to various chronic and degenerative diseases. The negative effects of free radicals can be neutralized by natural antioxidants. Soybean (Glycine max L.) extract contains isoflavones that have several biological activities, including antioxidants. Soybean extract (SE) antioxidant activity was evaluated compared with isoflavones (ISO). The SE was extracted in aquademineral solvent and additional lactose. SE and ISO were subject to various antioxidant activity assay such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonicacid (ABTS), H
2
O
2
, NO scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, following standard procedure. As a results, the IC
50
of DPPH, ABTS, H
2
O
2
, NO, of SE were 246.51; 35.96; 289.41; 39.74 µg/mL respectively. While the IC
50
value of isoflavones were 71.37; 23.57; 259.50; 11.59 µg/mL respectively. Furthermore, at the higher concentration (50 µg/mL) of SE and ISO’s FRAP activity were 196.89 and 177.78 μM Fe(II)/μg. Even though the antioxidant activity of SE is lower than isoflavones, SE still has antioxidant potential. Thus, it can be used for supplement candidate.
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摘要 :
In improving the quality management system, the testing laboratory uses the ISO/IEC 17025 standard as a benchmark for the general requirements of testing/calibration competence, including sampling. This standard is also used for q...
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In improving the quality management system, the testing laboratory uses the ISO/IEC 17025 standard as a benchmark for the general requirements of testing/calibration competence, including sampling. This standard is also used for quality, administrative and technical activities. Customers, regulators and accreditation bodies may also use them to confirm or acknowledge the competence of the laboratory. The application of standards in laboratory testing is closely related to achieving the quality objectives contained in the laboratory. By using the standard ISO/IEC 17025, the product is guaranteed in security, reliability and certainly has quality. The testing laboratory can be said to run effectively when it can manage flexibility, customer, production, value-oriented, and the primary job of its employees. Therefore, the main clause analysis that influences the achievement of the objectives in the laboratory takes an essential role in the testing laboratory. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a tool for assessing any clauses related to the implementation of ISO consist of several competent assessors.
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摘要 :
In improving the quality management system, the testing laboratory uses the ISO/IEC 17025 standard as a benchmark for the general requirements of testing/calibration competence, including sampling. This standard is also used for q...
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In improving the quality management system, the testing laboratory uses the ISO/IEC 17025 standard as a benchmark for the general requirements of testing/calibration competence, including sampling. This standard is also used for quality, administrative and technical activities. Customers, regulators and accreditation bodies may also use them to confirm or acknowledge the competence of the laboratory. The application of standards in laboratory testing is closely related to achieving the quality objectives contained in the laboratory. By using the standard ISO/IEC 17025, the product is guaranteed in security, reliability and certainly has quality. The testing laboratory can be said to run effectively when it can manage flexibility, customer, production, value-oriented, and the primary job of its employees. Therefore, the main clause analysis that influences the achievement of the objectives in the laboratory takes an essential role in the testing laboratory. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a tool for assessing any clauses related to the implementation of ISO consist of several competent assessors.
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摘要 :
In the process of realizing safety critical systems, guaranteeing functional safety is always mandatory. However, multiple factors are challenging functional safety: (i) the complexity of new electrical and electronic architecture...
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In the process of realizing safety critical systems, guaranteeing functional safety is always mandatory. However, multiple factors are challenging functional safety: (i) the complexity of new electrical and electronic architecture leading to different malfunctioning behavior. This malfunctioning behavior can lead to unwanted hazards and then to unreasonable risk, (ii) the availability of various functional safety standards and (iii) high expenses. If functional safety standards are used in the design of a safety critical system, it is important to evaluate the risk accurately. The risk is related to the probability of failure. In this paper, a comparison between two functional safety standards ISO 26262 and IEC 61508 is presented. These standards are used in the automotive field and in the industrial automation field, respectively. Additionally, a limitation in using IEC 61508 to verify ISO 26262 is emphasized. Focus is the safety lifecycle and the failure rate evaluation methods, which are applied by the two standards. The comparison made in this paper represents the opinion of the authors based on their experience and is not intended to be absolute.
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摘要 :
In the process of realizing safety critical systems, guaranteeing functional safety is always mandatory. However, multiple factors are challenging functional safety: (i) the complexity of new electrical and electronic architecture...
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In the process of realizing safety critical systems, guaranteeing functional safety is always mandatory. However, multiple factors are challenging functional safety: (i) the complexity of new electrical and electronic architecture leading to different malfunctioning behavior. This malfunctioning behavior can lead to unwanted hazards and then to unreasonable risk, (ii) the availability of various functional safety standards and (iii) high expenses. If functional safety standards are used in the design of a safety critical system, it is important to evaluate the risk accurately. The risk is related to the probability of failure. In this paper, a comparison between two functional safety standards ISO 26262 and IEC 61508 is presented. These standards are used in the automotive field and in the industrial automation field, respectively. Additionally, a limitation in using IEC 61508 to verify ISO 26262 is emphasized. Focus is the safety lifecycle and the failure rate evaluation methods, which are applied by the two standards. The comparison made in this paper represents the opinion of the authors based on their experience and is not intended to be absolute.
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